Names, terms and dates list.

• Cosmopolitan

• first magazine founded  in 1886

• John Brisben Walker 1889

• turn cosmopolitan to a magazine of literature and insightful reporting

• William Randolph Hearst

• turn cosmopolitan into a muckraking magazine 1905

• National Enquirer 1926

• Helen Gurley Brown 1962

• magazine revolution targeted at cosmo girls

• “Cosmo Girl”

• woman age 18-34, sex, love, fashion, careers

• Review - 1704

• first political magazine

• Magazine definition

• collection of articles, stories and advertisements appearing in non daily periodicals that are published in smaller tabloid style rather than broadsheet newspaper style

• Colonial Magazines 1741

• Andrew Bradford, Ben Franklin

• unsuccessful, reprint from local newspapers

• Charles Alexander and Samuel Coate Atkinson

• Saturday Evening Post 1821

• national magazine

• longest running in history

• appeal to woman

• Sarah Josepha Hale 1828

• Ladies Magazine

• 1850s- Illustrations start

• 1890s- Tech for photos in magazines

• Postal Act of 1879

• signed magazines lower postage rates and put them on equal footing with newspaper, delivering by mail and reducing distribution costs

• 1800’s magazines started becoming more popular

• 1900’s magazines became part of working class and national.

• Cyrus Curtis

• Ladies Home Journal,

• first magazine to reach 1000 circulation

• bought the Post

• Yellow Journalism

• crusading for social reform on behalf of the public good

• muckrakers

• investigative reporters

• General interest magazines

• offered occasional muckraking but covered a variety of topics, using photojournalism

• Photojournalism

• use of photo to document the rhythms of daily life.

• Dewitt and Lila Wallace

• Readers Digest 1922

• HENRY LUCE

• Time Magazine 1923, Life Magazine 1936, Sports Illustrated 1954

• Jann Wenner

• Rolling Stone 1967

• pass along readership

• the total amount of people who came in contact with the magazine.

• Alexander Graham Bell

• National Geographic 1888

• helped pioneering colored printing

•  

• Photoshop

• downfall of photojournalism because readers don’t the truth behind the picts.

• Hugh Hefner

• Playboy

• John H. Johnson

• 1925 Negro Digest, Ebony, Essence, Jet

• 1980s

• Peak of magazine industry

• Conde Nast

• Vanity Fair, GQ, Vogue

• TV guide

• 1953, together with the rise of television, extremely high circulation

• Webzines

• Salon, state content appear exclusively online

• Specialization

• divided by advertizers type, 1950’s

• 1980’s popular magazines were translated to spanish

• desktop publishing

• a small magazine can be started via computer.

• doesn’t apply to big companies

• Regional editions

• focus: interests of different geographic areas

• Split-run editions

• editorial content stays the same, but magazine include a few pages of ads from local or regional companies

• Demographic Editions

• targeted at a particular group of consumers

• evergreen subscriptions

• automatically renew on a credit card unless requested to stop

• Time warner

• owns soooo many famous magazine/tv/movie/internet

• zines

• self published magazines

Starting to organize:

• ·         Early history of magazines
• o   The first Magazines
• o   Magazines in Colonial America
• o   Us Magazines in the Nineteenth Century
• o   National, Women’s and Illustrated Magazines
• ·         The Development of Modern American Magazines
• o   The rise of General-Interest Magazines
• o   The fall of General-Interest Magazines
• o   Convergence: Magazines confront the Digital Age
• ·         The Domination of Specialization
• o   Mens and Women’s Magazines
• o   Sports, Entertainment and Leisure Magazines
• o   Magazines for ages
• o   Elite magazines
• o   Minority-targeted magazines
• o   Supermarket Tabloids
• ·         The Organization and Economics of magazines
• o   Magazine Department and Duties
• o   Major Magazine Chains
• o   Alternative Voices
• ·         Magazines in Democratic Society

Magazine enthusiasts trade publications at a Printout event in London. Photograph: Antonio Zazueta Olmos

(The Guardian)

A group of 100 people meet once every two months in a London bar for the Printout event. These are people with a passion for the printed magazine, and love to collect them and want to keep the print magazines alive. According to the Guardian magazine, "mainstream magazines might be struggling to survive against digital media, but their independent counterparts are thriving". Indie magazines, the smaller, independent magazines, are doing much better and are more celebrated by the Printout event participants.

Crowd-funding in the Magazine Industry                                                                             

                                                                                                                                                                                                         (forbes.com)

"Crowdfunding campaigns are everywhere these days, some successful while others aren't so lucky. There are countless campaigns to bring cancelled television shows back from the dead. Magazines have turned to crowdfunding as a new revenue stream to fund the costs of publishing each issue." - Jillean Kearny

Jillean works in marketing at Agility Inc. She scours the internet to source content for the inspiration section and produces all of the video content for Unbound Media. Jillean graduated from Ryerson University's Journalism program.

          (Agility CMS)

Examples

http://blog.agilitycms.com/top-5-magazine-crowdfunding-campaigns  

              Magazine Sales and how they impact Circulation  

How Magazines Target You-Today

 History of Daniel Defoe creator of "The Review"

Daniel Defoe, an English journalist, poet, novelist, spy and merchant. He was bankrupt four times, placed in the pillory for sedition, and created one of the earliest forms of political and popular belief magazines. Throughout his career he focused attention on trade, the expanding empire, foreign relations, religious toleration and economic development, among many other things. However, his magazine the review is significant because of the creation of new British territory and the development of mercantile interests and policies that accompanied this growth provide the international topics that make up the content of the Review.Defoe’s Review, published fifteen years after the 15th Century, it was not the first English periodical, but it was the first to engage a particular political topic: the relationship between England and France. He was the first to introduce the idea of political economy. An inevitable product of examining international and domestic politics is writing on political economy, a topic whose origins mark the transition from mercantilism and monarchy to constitutional monarchy and capitalism.Daniel Defoe began writing his Review (1704-1713) only three years prior to the Act of Union in 1707, which joined the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. The first Act of Union, passed in 1535-42, had annexed Wales to England, so by the time Defoe began writing theReview, the boundaries of British domain were in the process of further expanding. The rise of political parties and conflited political viewpoints added fuel to Defoe's fire and brought about ideas such as international trade, national wealth, and early forms of credit.
  

                                        (Danieldefoeblog.com) 

THE MAGAZINE INDUSTRIES SOURCE OF INCOME

SUBSTANTIAL MOMENTS OF GROWTH

• In 1741 the first magazines were born in to Philadelphia. Although they were generally unsuccessful and did not circulate for very long, they set ground breaking notions of creating magazine content and layout using reprint material from local newspapers. 

• The Saturday Evening Post is launched in 1821, becoming the first major magazine to appeal directly to women. It became the longest-running magazine in U.S history. 

The first really successful magazine in the United States was the Saturday Evening Post, first published in 1821.

But in 1825 there were only fewer than 100 magazines in the country. By 1850, the number grown to 600, and magazines finally became well recognized and established as a mass medium. At that time, due to freedom of press, many magazines also took a "viewpoint" on specific issues; for example, during the Civil War, which was primarily fought over the issue of slavery, northern magazines often espoused antislavery views, and southern magazines typically publicized pro-slavery articles and journals. Thus, magazines served to strengthen the opposing views and reinforce divisions of thought, which in large measure fueled the war.(2)

In 1879 mail was reorganized, so that magazines now enjoyed the same low postage cost as newspapers. With improved techniques in paper manufacturing and printing machinery, including color printing beginning in the 1860s, lowered production costs. For example, the Saturday Evening Post sold for five-cents a copy. Also, the increase in literacy with development of schools made even more people literate, making magazines even more popular. As a result, the number of magazines boomed, and the highest magazine circulations climbed from 40,000 before the Civil War to 100,000 by the end of the century.(1)(2)

 "Magazine Publishing History." AAMP. AAMP | The Association of Audience Marketing Professionals, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://audiencemarketing.org/magazine-publishing-history.asp> (1)

"Magazines." Mass Media Course: Magazines, the Early History. Cyber College, 7 May 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.

<http://www.cybercollege.com/frtv/mag1.htm>(2)

By the mid-1850s, drawings, woodcuts, and other forms of illustration began to fill the pages of magazines.

• Both postal rates and rail transportation costs plummet, allowing magazine distribution to thrive.

• Ladies' Home Journal was created in 1903 with articles that discuss women's issues beyond cooking and fashion, the magazine reaches a circulation of one million. 

• Reader's Digest, this pocket-size monthly, which reprints selections from other publications, becomes the leading magazine in the nation after its launch in 1922.  

• Time Magazine, launched in 1923, developed a new brand of journalism. Time's editors assign teams to cover stories and then use rewrite editors to package the reporting in narrative form. 

• Life Magazine is born, building on the public's fascination with images, Life was launched in 1936, pioneers fashion spreads and advances photojournalism.

• T.V Guide was an overnight success as a niche publication upon its introduction in 1953, T.V Guide publishes T.V schedules long before newspapers.

• People Magazine was the first successful mass market magazine to appear in decades and was first published in 1974.  

• Salon and State  launching in 1995 and 1996, these magazines are pioneers of the online-only format. 

• The iPad, provided the magazine industry with a new way to present content and hopefully attract readers and advertisers.  

• AARP Bulletin and AARP the Magazine had subscriptions that continue to be the highest circulations of any magazine in the United States in 2011.

SUBSTANTIAL MOMENTS OF DECLINE

• Look and Life shut down. In 1971-72, some of the two top magazines concede they can't compete with television.